Tooth agenesis is a term describing a condition where a tooth or teeth fail to develop inside the jawbones. This is a dental condition that someone is born with, rather than being acquired during life. When teeth are missing from birth, they are called ‘congenitally’ missing teeth. Tooth agenesis can present in mild, moderate or severe forms, where a few (hypodontia), many (oligodontia), or all (anodontia) teeth are missing. While any tooth could potentially be congenitally missing, some of the most common permanent teeth that are missing from birth include the maxillary lateral incisors, mandibular second bicuspids and third molars, more commonly known as wisdom teeth. Other less common teeth that may be missing are the maxillary second bicuspids, mandibular central incisors, second molars and canine teeth.
Why does this happen? Science doesn’t yet have all the answers, but ongoing research suggests that mutations in certain genes such as APC, AXIN2, MSX1, and PAX9 are involved. More importantly, recent evidence suggests that there may be a correlation between patterns of missing teeth and certain cancers. For example, a 2004 study from Finland found a correlation between mutations in the AXIN2 gene, oligodontia and colorectal cancer. Additionally, a 2014 study from Slovenia concluded a possible association between hypodontia and epithelial ovarian cancer. Specifically, they found at least one missing maxillary premolar in over 50% of women with epithelial ovarian cancer.
Most individuals born with missing teeth will not have an increased risk for colorectal or ovarian cancer. However, the most current research suggests that having missing teeth may put one at a higher risk for colorectal or ovarian cancer. If you or your child was born with missing teeth, you may wish to consult with your medical healthcare provider, especially if there is a family history of these types of cancers. A genetic counselor may be able to help you and your family better understand the possible risks.
How can orthodontic treatment help if I am missing teeth? Braces can move your teeth to recreate the space needed for a prosthetic tooth replacement such as an implant or a bridge. Alternatively, braces can be used to help close the space altogether. Depending on your unique scenario, one option may have benefits over another. Here at Tanner & Reichhold Orthodontics, we will take the time to explain your options and answer your questions, so that you can choose the option best suited for you.
By Dr. Rebecca Schnitt
FEB
About the Author:
Dr. Gary Reichhold and his partner Dr. Stephen Tanner have been proudly serving families in Concord, Walnut Creek, Clayton, Pleasant Hill and the surrounding communities for over 20 years. Their office is conveniently located in central Contra Costa County and their experienced team is committed to providing you and your family with exceptional orthodontic care.